冻土
公安机关在秦某被抢劫一案发生两周后，在某旧货市场抓获了正在出售一部“奥林巴斯”相机的李某。该“奥林巴斯”相机上标明的型号及编号与秦某手中购买相机的发票记载相同。经过对“奥林巴斯”相机的辩认，秦某指出相机镜头盖内刻有自己的名字，相机上还有两个月前修理时换的取景镜的粘贴痕迹。据此公安机关确定该相机就是秦某被抢的相机。但由于被抢的时候秦某没有看清犯罪嫌疑人的相貌，无法确认是李某进行抢劫。李某否认实施抢劫，他辩解说相机是他前几天在旧货市场从别人手里以低价买进的，但不知道卖主的姓名地址。李某的同乡作证说，听李某讲其前几天在旧货市场上买了一部照相机。公安机关在随后的侦查中未收集到其它有价值的证据。公安人员收集的证据中哪些是直接证据？哪些是实物证据？
简述风险
建设工程项目的风险中，属于经济与管理风险的是（）。 组织结构模式。 工作流程组织。 现场与公用防火设施的可用性及其数量。 施工机械操作人员的能力和经验。
There are eight traditional functions of marketing：
（ 1 ）Buying： A marketer focuses on buyers’ needs and desires in order to decide what products to make available. Understanding buyers’ behavior is of great importance.
（ 2 ）Selling： Marketers usually view selling as a persuasive activity that is completed through promotion. Selling includes personal selling， advertising， and other selling methods. It is probably the function of marketing that we most often see in our daily life.
（ 3 ）Transporting： Transporting is physically moving the product from the seller to the buyer. Marketers focus on transporting costs and services.
（ 4 ）Storing： Like transporting， storing is an aspect of the physical distribution of products. Storing includes warehousing activities. Warehouses hold products for long periods sometimes in order to create time utility.
（ 5 ）Grading： Grading involves sorting products according to size and quality. This makes buying and selling easier because it reduces the need for inspection and sampling.
（ 6 ）Financing： For many products， such as automobiles， fridges， and new homes， the purchase is facilitated when the marketer provides credit that makes the purchasing of the product possible.
（ 7 ）Marketing research： Through research， marketers may find out the need for new products and services. By gathering information on a regular basis， they can better plan， carry out and control marketing activities.
（ 8 ）Risk taking： It involves bearing the uncertainties that are part of the marketing process. Most marketing decisions result in either success or failure that is associated with risk.It is very important to understand buyers’ behavior.
12月15日，俄罗斯总统普京开始对日本进行国事访问，这是2010年以来俄罗斯总统首次访日，也是普京时隔（）再次踏上日本土地，引起国际媒体的高度关注。
