There are eight traditional functions of marketing：
（ 1 ）Buying： A marketer focuses on buyers’ needs and desires in order to decide what products to make available. Understanding buyers’ behavior is of great importance.
（ 2 ）Selling： Marketers usually view selling as a persuasive activity that is completed through promotion. Selling includes personal selling， advertising， and other selling methods. It is probably the function of marketing that we most often see in our daily life.
（ 3 ）Transporting： Transporting is physically moving the product from the seller to the buyer. Marketers focus on transporting costs and services.
（ 4 ）Storing： Like transporting， storing is an aspect of the physical distribution of products. Storing includes warehousing activities. Warehouses hold products for long periods sometimes in order to create time utility.
（ 5 ）Grading： Grading involves sorting products according to size and quality. This makes buying and selling easier because it reduces the need for inspection and sampling.
（ 6 ）Financing： For many products， such as automobiles， fridges， and new homes， the purchase is facilitated when the marketer provides credit that makes the purchasing of the product possible.
（ 7 ）Marketing research： Through research， marketers may find out the need for new products and services. By gathering information on a regular basis， they can better plan， carry out and control marketing activities.
（ 8 ）Risk taking： It involves bearing the uncertainties that are part of the marketing process. Most marketing decisions result in either success or failure that is associated with risk.Marketers provide credit that makes the purchasing of automobiles， fridges， and new homes possible.
家庭儿童科学教育具有以下（）明显的特点。 个别性、随机性、灵活性、潜移默化性。 个别性、潜移默化性、开放性、灵活性。 亲密性、开放性、潜移默化性、灵活性。 潜移默化性、联系性、随机性、灵活性。
一般情况下SEM流量变化可控制性较强，如果突然某天流量极大浮动，作为专业优化师，请判断可能是由于以下哪些原因所造成的？（） 匹配方式调整。 着陆页面调整。 创意链接调整。 突发热点事件。
福万通网络学习云端学习客户端具有“随时随地学课程，无处不在能沟通”的特点，帮助学员实现轻松学习、即时分享的乐趣，具有以下特色（） 边走边学，碎片化学习充分利用空闲时间，化零为整。 支持课程视频下载后离线观看，帮您省流量。 按时参加考试、调查，工作任务不遗漏。 随时随地参与微博、问答，学习交流不落后。
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下面哪一项属于公共关系的原则（）。
